• Sphingolipids such as ceramides and glucosylceramides are an

  2023-03-01

  

  Sphingolipids, such as ceramides and glucosylceramides, are an important class of bioactive lipids. The levels of these lipids change as a function of adipose tissue mass and functionality, and are partially driven by cellular availability of palmitoyl-CoA. Aberrant accumulation of ceramide, glucos

• Introduction Diabetic nephropathy is a rapidly growing

  2023-03-01

  

  Introduction Diabetic nephropathy is a rapidly growing cause of end-stage renal disease [1]. Glomerular, tubular and vascular toxicity resulting from hyperglycemia (glucotoxicity) have been evaluated extensively at the molecular level as contributing factors for diabetic nephropathy [[1], [2], [3]]

• br A Rs which were

  2023-03-01

  

  A3Rs, which were cloned and then pharmacologically identified in the early 1990s, are expressed in multiple organs and peripheral tissues including CRT0044876 involved in inflammatory responses (Gessi et al., 2008, Borea et al., 2014). While low levels are expressed in the CNS, A3R agonists produc

• Misoprostol br Discussion The clinical course of our patient

  2023-03-01

  

  Discussion The clinical course of our patient until May 2012 was rather typical of early onset AChR-MG. Later on, the pattern of the disease was more typical of MuSK-MG, as evidenced by the distribution of myasthenic weakness and the unprovoked exacerbations. The Misoprostol of MuSK-MG appears to

• Heparin br Acknowledgments The authors would like to thank M

  2023-03-01

  

  Acknowledgments The authors would like to thank Ms. Ashley Davis for her administrative assistance in preparing this article and Mr. Dan Beck for his artistic contributions to Fig. 1. Introduction Acetylcholine is the most abundant neurotransmitter in the central nervous system (CNS) of insec

• By performing knockdown of AXL once

  2023-03-01

  

  By performing knockdown of AXL once HER2+ cancer 3787 have achieved lung colonization, we demonstrated that AXL contributes to the establishment of macrometastases. While inhibition of AXL impairs the efficiency of metastasis, the later finding has major clinical implications since pharmacological

• br Conflict of interest br Acknowledgments

  2023-03-01

  

  Conflict of interest Acknowledgments This work was been partially supported by the following grants: C.I.S.I.A. project (Innovazione e Sviluppo del Mezzogiorno—Conoscenze Integrate per Sostenibilità ed Innovazione del Made in Italy Agroalimentare—Legge 191/2009) from the Italian Ministry of Ec

• In the search for more

  2023-02-25

  

  In the search for more specific inhibitors of uptake2, Iversen and Salt (1970) speculated that steroids may potentiate the actions of catecholamines on vascular smooth muscle by inhibiting uptake2-mediated catecholamine clearance of the transmitters. They went on to demonstrate that a variety of ste

• Ozone induced innate inflammatory responses in

  2023-02-25

  

  Ozone-induced innate inflammatory responses in the lung involve neutrophil extravasation through enhanced trans-endothelial migration (Krishna et al., 1997). Catecholamines and glucocorticoids, which are increased by ozone inhalation (Bass et al., 2013, Miller et al., 2015, Miller et al., 2016a, Mil

• Adenosine is an endogenous nucleoside that plays pivotal

  2023-02-25

  

  Adenosine is an endogenous nucleoside that plays pivotal roles in different physiological and pathophysiological processes by triggering specific cell-surface receptors both in the ER 50891 and in the periphery. The adenosine receptors (ARs) are four different subtypes of G protein-coupled receptor

• br Results br Discussion The actin cytoskeleton

  2023-02-25

  

  Results Discussion The YC 1 cytoskeleton is a highly attractive target for many bacterial toxins, owing to its role in activation and locomotion of immune cells, secretion of humoral response factors, and maintenance of protective barriers at the cellular (sub-membrane cytoskeleton) and organ

• The results show that a tonic action of ACh

  2023-02-25

  

  The results show that a tonic action of ACh on respiration is lacking. However, it is clear that muscarinic cholinergic mechanisms can modulate both eupneic breathing and the cough reflex. When these mechanisms are brought into action is obscure and only tentative proposals can be advanced. ACh in t

• The relatively high concentration of HT used in

  2023-02-25

  

  The relatively high concentration of 5-HT used in this study (100 µM) is consistent with the concentrations used in other published ex vivo studies (Ropert and Guy, 1991, Passani et al., 1994, Shen and Andrade, 1998). In our paradigm 5-HT was focally applied at the surface of the slice via a fast pe

• Chlorothiazide br Dihydrotestosterone in adult fish

  2023-02-25

  

  Dihydrotestosterone in adult fish and frogs New perspectives and next directions Similar to other androgens, DHT can modulate reproductive endpoints in both fish and amphibians. However, predicting the effects of DHT can be challenging, as reproductive homeostasis is dependent upon the balance

• br Conclusion br List of

  2023-02-25

  

  Conclusion List of abbreviations Acknowledgment The studies performed by our laboratory and presented in this review were supported by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan, (KAKENHI 17590618 [to H.I.] and KAKENHI 22249017 [to Y.Y.]), and the Japanese S

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