• In solid tumors such as

  2019-11-19

  

  In solid tumors, such as those in breast and pancreatic cancer, infiltrating CD68+ or CD163+ tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) correlate with poor outcome (DeNardo et al., 2011, Kurahara et al., 2011, Shabo et al., 2008). The tumor-promoting function of TAMs is based on their capacity to secrete p

• Many studies have used paradigms based on animal

  2019-11-19

  

  Many studies have used paradigms based on animal models to understand human emotional behavior because it appears to be correlated with fear- and anxiety-related defensive patterns in non-human mammals (Blanchard et al., 2001). In this case, defensive reactions are used to study the neural substrate

• Other mutations in the SYNE region exons

  2019-11-19

  

  Other mutations in the SYNE1 3′ region (exons 81–85) have been implicated in an upper motor neuron disease, ARCA1 (Gros-Louis et al., 2007). The disease is characterized by progressive movement, coordination, and balance problems caused by disrupted Purkinje cell function and their impaired signalin

• protease inhibitor cocktail br Materials and methods br Resu

  2019-11-19

  

  Materials and methods Results Discussion Oxidative stress is a disturbance in the balance of pro- and antioxidant species, resulting in oxidative damage to membrane proteins, lipids, and DNA. Oxidative stress is a predisposing factor for the progression of metabolic diseases and liver injur

• ER redox imbalance leads to the accumulation of misfolded

  2019-11-19

  

  ER redox imbalance leads to the accumulation of misfolded proteins, which might trigger the unfolded protein response (UPR) [17]. In the initiation of UPR, GRP78 preferentially binds to unfolded proteins, shifting the binding equilibrium away from IRE-1, PERK, and ATF-6, the initiators of UPR [18].

• Currently much effort has been made

  2019-11-19

  

  Currently, much effort has been made to design and synthesize ThDP analogs (such as ThTDP, ThTTDP, and triazole-ThDP in Fig. 2)8, 9, 10, 11, 12 as PDHc E1 inhibitors. These ThDP analog inhibitors, such as ThTDP and ThTTDP, can block the ThDP binding site, and exhibit significantly stronger binding a

• br Materials and methods br Results br Discussion

  2019-11-19

  

  Materials and methods Results Discussion Regardless of obvious beneficial effects of GC on acceleration of foetal lung and cardiomyocytes maturation (Kamath-Rayne et al., 2012; Rog-Zielinska et al., 2015), the current study revealed that GC exposure during late pregnancy induces IR and alte

• br Introduction The cys loop ligand gated ion

  2019-11-18

  

  Introduction The cys-loop ligand gated ion channels (LGICs) are membrane-bound proteins mediating fast transduction from chemical to electrical signals at neuronal synapses and neuromuscular junctions [1], [2]. Each subunit that makes up the pentameric LGIC architecture possesses a dicysteine bri

• br Role of cysLT signaling on

  2019-11-18

  

  Role of cysLT signaling on various neurological complications which are associated with Alzheimer’s disease Alzheimer’s disease, first described in 1906 by Alois Alzheimer, is a neurodegenerative disease and a very common cause of dementia progressively leading to death. Even though years of rese

• As a transcription factor HOXA regulates multiple target gen

  2019-11-18

  

  As a transcription factor, HOXA9 regulates multiple target genes related to cell growth, including BRCA1 [34], BCL-2 [35], c-MYB [36], IGF1 [37], PIM1 [38] and so on. In addition, HOXA9 is a member of both activating and repressive transcriptional regulatory complexes, along with cofactor and collab

• br In some but not all human vessels

  2019-11-18

  

  In some, but not all, human vessels, a small population of ETB (usually 72 9 with atherosclerotic lesions did not show any increase. In agreement, in experimental medicine studies in both heart failure patients and volunteer controls, selective ETA antagonism (BQ123) caused the expected potent va

• br Discussion Of the age

  2019-11-18

  

  Discussion Of the age-related differences in serum non-cholesterol sterols, we first deal with the cholesterol precursors. After birth, the markedly elevated serum desmosterol values decreased during the first year of life, and after 1 year of age they were similar between the other age groups. S

• We should also note that oxygen pressure of Krebs solution

  2019-11-18

  

  We should also note that oxygen pressure of Krebs solution bubbled with 95% O2+5% CO2 as we used in our study is reported to around 400 mmHg in several studies [48], [49], which is higher than normal arterial O2 pressure (80–100 mmHg). Although superoxide generation at elevated O2 tensions are note

• Celiac disease occurs in the small intestine due to

  2019-11-18

  

  Celiac disease occurs in the small intestine due to the ingestion of gluten and triggers an immune response by T-cells resulting in tissue remodelling and malnutrition [6]. Earlier studies by many researchers have shown that the prolamins of gluten are the toxic agent for celiac disease, since they

• Another example of negative regulation is

  2019-11-18

  

  Another example of negative regulation is the inhibition of the yeast endosome-associated DUB Doa4 by Rfu1 (free ubiquitin chains 1). In a yeast genetics screen, deletion of Rfu1 was serendipitously found to alter global ubiquitin levels [69]. DUBs can regulate these levels by liberating conjugated

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